Credits: 3 (3-0-0)
Description
Basics of Earth System Science (Earth system components, Physical phenomena in the Earth system, Globally averaged energy budget, Energy transports by atmosphere and ocean, concepts of radiative forcing, feedbacks and climate change), Physical Processes in the Earth System and governing principles (Equation of state, Continuity equation, Conservation of momentum, Temperature equation, Moisture equation and salinity equation, Moist processes, Wave processes in the atmosphere and ocean), Representation of Physical processes in Earth System Models (Treatment of sub-grid scale processes such as dry convection, moist convection, land surface, snow, ice and vegetation; Radiation, greenhouse gases, aerosols and other climate forcings), Biogeochemical and Biophysical Processes, coupling between physics packages, Dynamics in Earth System Models (Dynamical core, Grid scale processes, Numerical representation of the grid scale processes, Grids, Resolution, Accuracy, Efficiency, and Scalability), Earth system model simulations (Climate simulations and climate drift, Verification and Validation of simulations with observations, Emission Scenarios & forcings, Global-average response to greenhouse warming scenarios, Transient climate change versus equilibrium response experiments, Trends & natural variability, scale dependency of simulations, Multi-model simulations & ensemble averages, Simulation examples from Coupled Model Inter- comparison Project).